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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Computational Thinking Assessment</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css">
</head>
<body>
<h1>Computational Thinking</h1>
<div class="sixth">
<a href="Lee.html">Tim Berners-Lee</a>
<a href="Reflection.html">Reflection</a>
</div>
<div class="fourth">
<section id="first">
<h3>Computational thinking is made up of four main processes: </h3><br>
<ul>
<li><strong>Decomposition:</strong><p>Dividing a complicated issue or system into smaller, more manageable components. This is an important ability because it helps people get a clearer picture of how many small problems they need to solve to achieve their ultimate goal.</p></li>
<li><strong>Pattern recognition:</strong><p>Observing and thinking about the problem and discovering commonalities. In this way, people can apply the solutions they have used to solve similar problems in the present. </p></li>
<li><strong>Abstraction:</strong><p>Concentrating only on crucial details and avoiding unnecessary ones. People, especially students, usually use all the information they find to solve problems, but this is not an effective method. Learning to remove useless details and find the most critical information is a useful skill for everyone. Abstraction helps people understand that they need to keep sifting through information and data to find the best solution to a problem.</p></li>
<li><strong>Algorithms:</strong><p>Develop steps to solve the problem, which means people can create clear step-by-step solutions to help them solve problems more efficiently. It gives people a clearer picture of what they should do next. A good set of algorithms or steps can be adopted by different people to solve their problems.</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>I. Introduction to computational thinking</h2>
<p>Computational thinking is a type of analytical thinking that is shared with mathematical thinking, engineering thinking, and scientific thinking (Wing 2008, p. 3717). There is a common misconception that people think of computational thinking as programming or a mode of thinking that can only be used in the computer science field. Nevertheless, computational thinking is a basic and important skill that every individual should develop since it is directly related to our everyday lives. Wing (2006, p. 35) argued that everyone can benefit from applying computational thinking in everyday life and it is a computational concept that people use to perform everyday tasks, communicate and engage with others.</p>
<p>When people face problems, computational thinking can help us to clearly understand the problem itself and logically find possible solutions to the problem. It's just like when programmers write programs. In our lives, computational thinking is used for everyday things such as cooking, baking pastries, planning travel routes, completing assignments, or hosting a social gathering, etc.</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>II. Application areas of computational thinking</h2>
<p>Computational thinking is suitable for everyone and has a very wide range of applications. First, computational scientists can use computational thinking to better analyze and process data and to design algorithms or develop new software and programs. Second, in the field of education, many children start learning programming at an early age and are exposed to computational thinking as a way to develop their logical thinking skills, which can help them later in their future academic life. Third, computational thinking can also help hospitals analyze patient data. This allows doctors to develop a plan that is better suited to their patients and facilitates their recovery. It has been argued by Wing (2008, p. 3717) that computational thinking can also have an impact on statistics. Machine learning makes it possible to identify patterns and anomalies in large data sets, such as astronomical maps, credit card purchases, and store receipts. She also argued that computational thinking is changing economics and it is used in advertising placement, online auctions, etc.</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>III. Importance of computational thinking</h2>
<p>Computational thinking plays an important role in both learning and career development by helping us to thoroughly analyze problems and transform complex problems into simple ones. I believe that learning and using computational thinking will enable me to overcome the challenges I face in my studies and my future career. Learning computational thinking can assist me in being more logical and in having clearer goals when writing websites. For example, I can break down a web page into smaller parts and consider the structure, content, style, and layout of each component. When I get stuck, I can evaluate the prior examples the teacher gave and look for similarities between them to find a workable solution. I can also build the steps needed to complete each small part. This will enable me to have a clearer idea and not make a lot of mistakes when writing the code and then face constant revisions. At the same time, I believe that by using computational thinking, I will not feel overwhelmed when I encounter challenges in my future academic or career. I think that I can try to solve problems by following the four steps of computational thinking in a structured manner. Therefore, using computational thinking will not only help me to do programming more logically but can also be helpful in my daily studies as well as in my future personal development and can make me more confident to deal with complex problems.</p><br>
</section>
<section>
<h3 id="four">References:</h3>
<p>Wing, J.M. 2006. Computational thinking. <em>Communications of the ACM</em> 49(3), pp. 33-35. doi: 10.1145/1118178.1118215<br>
Wing, J.M. 2008 Computational thinking and thinking about computing. <em>Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A</em> 366(1881), pp: 3717–3725. doi : 10.1098/rsta.2008.0118
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Computational Thinking Assessment</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css">
</head>
<body>
<h1>Tim Berners-Lee</h1>
<div class="sixth">
<a href="CT.html">Computational Thinking</a>
<a href="Reflection.html">Reflection</a>
</div>
<figure id="two">
<img src="img/Sir_Tim_Berners-Lee_(cropped).jpg" alt="Tim Berners-Lee" />
<figcaption>Tim Berners-Lee (2014)</figcaption>
</figure>
<div class="fourth">
<section>
<p>Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web who made our present world possible, and it is because of his contributions that the World Wide Web is used by people all over the world. He is a computer scientist who revolutionized human life.</p>
<p>Born in London, England, Berners-Lee's parents were both computer scientists and worked on the Ferranti Mark 1, the first commercial computer. As a young man, Berners-Lee studied physics at Queen's College, Oxford, and then worked for a number of high-technology companies in the UK. In 1980 Berners-Lee came to work at CERN, where he developed the program called Enquire, which applied hypertext technology. At the end of 1980, Berners-Lee went to work for a computer company, where he gained experience with computer networks. Later, Berners-Lee returned to CERN and in 1989 designed and built the first Web browser and the first Web server. Berners-Lee has been a dedicated advocate of Internet freedom. He founded the World Wide Web Consortium in 1994 and later declared that all technology proposed by the Consortium would be free of charge. This is one of the reasons why Berners-Lee is so respected, instead of using the World Wide Web to make a fortune for himself, he chose to contribute his inventions for free and make them available to all people in the world. At the opening ceremony of the 2012 London Olympics, Berners-Lee tweeted <q>This is for everyone</q> from an old computer(Tim Berners-Lee 2022), demonstrating his original intention to contribute his work, the World Wide Web, to all of humanity.</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2 id="three">Why Tim Berners-Lee is important for Computer Science?</h2>
<p>The World Wide Web is at the heart of the development of the information age. As the inventor of the Web, Tim Berners-Lee occupies a crucial position in the field of computer science. He was named one of the 100 most important people of the 20th century by <em>Time</em> magazine, and in 2016 Berners-Lee received the 2016 Turing Award <q>for inventing the World Wide Web, the first web browser, and the fundamental protocols and algorithms allowing the Web to scale.</q> ( Haigh, 2016). It was Berners-Lee who established the most fundamental web standards, which are now known as URL, HTML, and HTTP so that everyone could develop new servers and new browsers and write web pages using the HTML language.</p><br>
</section>
<section>
<h3 id="four">References:</h3>
<p>
Dennis, M.A. 2022. Tim Berners-Lee. <em>Encyclopedia Britannica</em>. Available at : https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tim-Berners-Lee. [Accessed: 02 November 2022].<br>
Haigh, T. 2016. <em>Sir Tim Berners-Lee</em>. Available at: https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/berners-lee_8087960.cfm [Accessed: 02 November 2022].<br>
Tim Berners-Lee. 2014. <em>Tim Berners-Lee</em>. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee [Accessed: 02 November 2022].<br>
Tim Berners-Lee. 2022. <em>Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</em>. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee [Accessed: 02 November 2022].<br>
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Computational Thinking Assessment</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css">
</head>
<body>
<h1>Reflection</h1>
<div class="sixth">
<a href="CT.html">Computational Thinking</a>
<a href="Lee.html">Tim Berners-Lee</a>
</div>
<div class="fourth">
<section id="fifth">
<p>When reflecting on my whole learning process, on the one hand, I think I learned a lot in this course, for example, I learned that computational thinking is closely related to our daily problem solving and it can help us to simplify a complex problem and solve it step by step. This way of thinking will be beneficial to me in my upcoming courses. I also gained a basic understanding of HTML and CSS and I felt a sense of accomplishment as I progressed from not know how to write web pages to be able to build simple web pages and add basic styles and layouts to them.</p>
<p>On the other hand, I encountered numerous challenges and shortfalls. First of all, learning how to write web pages was a process that was frequently frustrating. The new material that was challenging to understand always made me frustrated and tempted to give up to figure out what I did not understand. However, I understood that this was a necessary step in learning something new, so I searched online for additional learning materials to supplement what I did not understand. I think this improved my self-learning skills and developed my determination to keep learning even in the face of more complex programming courses in the future.</p>
<p>Secondly, I realized the importance of considering the framework in advance. When I first began writing websites, I would just start writing code without any thought, and I would usually write wherever my mind led me. As a result, I was often confused because I was unsure of what to write next and something was always missing from the code. However, I found it more efficient and easier to write the framework on paper than to write code in a rush. Therefore, in my future programming studies, whether I am writing programs to solve problems or writing web pages, I should write down the general steps and framework first, so that I can be more logical and purposeful and can complete the task more efficiently and accurately.</p>
<p>Finally, I thought that the process of making a website proved time-consuming at times because I always encountered a lot of problems. For example, the pictures cannot be positioned correctly, the fonts cannot be changed to match my design, the links do not function, etc. Each time I encountered these situations, I had to modify my written code again and again, which consumed a great deal of my time. However, I think this is a result of my lack of practice. Although the process of writing the website itself requires constant modification, I believe that as I become more proficient at writing the website, I will also be able to make fewer modifications to it. This makes me understand that after learning theoretical knowledge, it is also very important to apply it in practice and practice continuously. In the future, I will have more complex programming courses and I cannot just listen to the lectures without practicing writing my code, after all, practice makes perfect.</p>
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img/Sir_Tim_Berners-Lee_(cropped).jpg

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